VelvetfishesAploactinidae

Velvetfishes are small, compact, often deep-bodied or somewhat elongated fishes, typically measuring 5 to 10 cm (2-4 in), with some species growing larger. Their bodies are covered in thick, soft skin, modified into numerous short, velvet-like spines that give the group its common name. They display cryptic colouration, generally mottled browns, reds, greens, or greys, allowing them to blend seamlessly with the surrounding substrate. Distinctive features include a large head, prominent eyes positioned high on the head, and an upward-pointing mouth. The dorsal fin is divided, with the spiny front section capable of being locked upright for defence. Large, fan-shaped pectoral fins provide support when resting motionless on the seabed.

Velvetfishes inhabit coral reefs, rocky areas, and sandy patches adjacent to reefs, from shallow waters down to approximately 30 metres (100 ft). They are solitary and masters of camouflage, typically remaining motionless on the substrate for extended periods. Their cryptic nature makes them difficult to spot and rarely encountered by divers. These ambush predators feed primarily on small benthic invertebrates, including crustaceans and worms, which they snatch with a quick lunge.