Starry Puffer

Arothron stellatus, also known as the stellate pufferfish or starry toadfish, is a distinctive species that inhabits the shallow waters of the Indo-Pacific region. This large fish can reach lengths of up to 120 cm (47 in), making it quite notable. It features an oval, elongated body with a prickly skin texture, but it lacks scales. Unlike many fish, it does not have a pelvic fin or lateral line. Its dorsal and anal fins are small and symmetrically situated at the rear, while its large head is characterized by a short snout and two pairs of nostrils. The mouth, located at the terminal end, contains four sturdy teeth. Its coloration varies from white to grey with a pattern of black spots, and the ventral side is typically lighter. Interestingly, the spot size changes as the fish matures; young have larger spots and a yellowish body with dark stripes, which evolve into smaller spots in adults.

This pufferfish is a relatively uncommon sight, mainly found in tropical and subtropical waters stretching from the 🌊 Indian Ocean and 🌊 Red Sea to Polynesia, and around 🇯🇵 Japan and 🇦🇺 Australia, including Lord Howe Island. Arothron stellatus favors the outer slopes of reefs and sheltered lagoons with clear water, typically dwelling in sandy areas at depths between 2 and 58 meters (up to 190 feet).

Diet-wise, the Arothron stellatus feeds on a variety of benthic invertebrates, such as sponges, algae, coral polyps, crustaceans, and molluscs. These pufferfish are diurnal, meaning they are active during the day, and they usually live alone, fiercely defending their territory.

One of the defining features of the Arothron stellatus is its production of tetrodotoxin, a potent poison found mainly in its ovaries, but also in its skin and liver. The toxin derives from bacteria consumed by the fish, offering a strong defense against predators. Additionally, the pufferfish can inflate itself by taking in air or water, deterring potential threats.