Shortspine Porcupinefish

The black-blotched porcupinefish (Diodon liturosus), often called the shortspine porcupinefish, is a fascinating marine species that primarily inhabits the tropical and subtropical waters of the Indo-Pacific region. It can be found in coral and rocky reefs, as well as inshore waters. This medium-sized fish grows up to 65 centimeters (26 inches) in length, with most individuals measuring around 45 centimeters (18 inches).

The porcupinefish has an elongated body, a spherical head, and noticeable round eyes. Its mouth is large and typically remains open. The pectoral fins are prominent, while pelvic fins are absent, and both the anal and dorsal fins are located near the tail base and move together when the fish swims. These fins are uniformly white or yellowish.

The skin of this fish is smooth yet firm, with spines made from modified scales that point backwards. Its coloration ranges from light brown to sandy-yellow, highlighted by dark blotches surrounded by white, and its underside is pale. It differs from the long-spine porcupinefish due to its shorter spines and the lack of a dark band between the eyes.

When threatened, the porcupinefish can puff up by taking in water, making it appear larger and making its spines stand out as a defense mechanism. Moreover, parts of its body contain tetrodotoxin, a powerful neurotoxin that deters predators.

This species is found from Africa's east coast to 🇯🇵 Japan, the Society Islands (🇵🇫 French Polynesia), and Western Australia, as well as the southeast Atlantic Ocean near 🇿🇦 South Africa. Adults are drawn to lagoons, reef tops, and reef slopes, typically at depths between 1 and 90 meters, but they prefer waters 15 to 30 meters deep.

The porcupinefish primarily feeds on sea urchins, gastropods, and crustaceans. It mostly lives alone, except during mating periods, and is active at night, particularly around dusk and dawn. During the day, it often seeks shelter in caves or under ledges.