Candelamoa Parrotfish

Hipposcarus harid, commonly known as the Longnose undefined or Candelamoa undefined, is a notable species dwelling in the coral reefs of the 🌊 Indian Ocean and the 🌊 Red Sea. These fish are often seen living within a depth range of 1 to 25 meters, showcasing the vibrant life thriving in tropical waters. They reach a maximum length of around 75 centimeters, although they are more commonly found at lengths of about 35 centimeters, with a typical weight up to 2.3 kilograms.

The geographical distribution of this species spans the western 🌊 Indian Ocean, from the 🌊 Red Sea down to the 🇲🇿 Mozambique Channel. Their reach extends to the maritime zones around 🇲🇬 Madagascar, the 🇸🇨 Seychelles, and as far east as 🇱🇰 Sri Lanka, the 🇲🇻 Maldives, and the Chagos (🇮🇴 British Indian Ocean Territory) Islands. Within these regions, Hipposcarus harid resides in coastal areas closely tied to coral reefs and reef flats. This rich habitat supports their complex social structures, including formations of harems consisting of a single male and multiple females, along with large schools for foraging activities.

Fascinatingly, Hipposcarus harid exhibit protogynous hermaphroditism, meaning they switch genders throughout their lives. Initially, individuals are either female or born as primary males. Some of these females later transform into secondary males, a process known as the terminal phase. This intricate lifecycle is paired with their oviparous reproduction, where mating pairs form specifically for egg-laying. Their diet mainly encompasses benthic algae found along the ocean floor, essential to their ecological niche.

The species is fished using nets and artisanal techniques, with the fresh catch sold in local markets. A unique cultural phenomenon occurs each April in the Farasan Islands of the southern 🌊 Red Sea. During this time, Hipposcarus harid inexplicably gather in a shallow lagoon, drawing the attention of local festivities known as the Hareed festival. Despite nearly all the fish being caught during this event, they strikingly return each year, continuing a historical pattern of consumption and trade that dates back to the Byzantine period.

Through their ecological roles and interactions with human societies, Hipposcarus harid remain a critical component of marine biodiversity, illustrating the complex tapestry of life in the world's tropical oceans.