Fishes · Bony fishes · Lefteye flounders

Panther Flounder

Bothus pantherinus (Rüppell, 1830)

syn. Bothus pantherhines, Bothus pantherhinus, Passer marchionessarum, Platophrys pantherines, Platophrys pantherinus, Rhomboidichthys pantherinus +1 more

20 - 39 cm3-150 mLeast Concern

959

The Panther flounder, also known as the Panther Yellowsnout flounder or Leopard Flounder, is a unique flatfish species native to the tropical and subtropical regions of the western Atlantic Ocean. It belongs to the Paralichthyidae family and exhibits remarkable adaptability to diverse marine environments, such as sandy or muddy bottoms, seagrass beds, and coral reefs. This adaptability helps it thrive at depths ranging from 3 to 150 meters (approximately 10 to 492 feet).

Primarily a benthic creature, the flounder is often found on sandy or muddy ocean floors and juvenile fish can frequently be seen in tide pools. Its maximum length is about 39 centimeters (15 inches), though it usually measures around 20 centimeters (8 inches). Panther flounders demonstrate sexual dimorphism, with females generally being larger than males. The flounder has an intriguing oval shape and is laterally compressed, which helps it blend seamlessly into the ocean floor.

One of the most captivating features of the Panther flounder is its mesmerizing pattern of dark spots and rings on its body and fins, reminiscent of a panther's coat. These markings offer excellent camouflage, allowing the fish to hide effectively from predators and ambush prey. The flounder's eyes are positioned on the right side of its body, enhancing its camouflage abilities. It features long dorsal and anal fins with soft rays, measuring 84 to 97 rays on the dorsal side and 61 to 73 rays on the anal side.

The Panther flounder primarily feeds on small crustaceans, molluscs, and minor fish. As an ambush predator, it waits patiently for unsuspecting prey to venture close before rapidly striking. Although not typically fished commercially, the species is utilized as a food source and processed into fish meal in some areas.

In the grand scheme of the ocean ecosystem, the Panther flounder is vital, acting as both predator and prey. Observing this remarkable fish in its natural habitat not only showcases its striking visual patterns and unique body structure but also provides insight into the rich biodiversity of marine life.

Why it's threatened

Residential & commercial development

Housing & urban areas · Commercial & industrial areas · Tourism & recreation areas

Biological resource use

Unintentional effects: (subsistence/small scale) [harvest] · Unintentional effects: (large scale) [harvest]

Human intrusions & disturbance

Work & other activities

An interesting observation about Bothus pantherinus is that Kuronuma and Abe (1972) commented that this was a common species off Kuwait and contemporary sources indicate that it is no longer common in the markets, although there is still market value for this species (M. Al-Husaini pers. comm. 2014). Pauly (1994) noted sharp declines in catches of bothid flatfishes following the development of intensive trawl fisheries in the Gulf of Thailand. It is unknown if observation data cited above are indicative of similar declines in this flatfish species' populations where shrimp trawling occurs in the Persian Gulf. Shrimp trawling still occurs throughout the Persian Gulf, except where it is banned off Qatar and Abu Dhabi. Additionally, Saudi Arabia and Iran have a ban on fish trawling, however, shrimp trawling still occurs with restrictions on allowance of bycatch amounts, as well as, a three-month seasonal restriction (F. Kaymaram and Q. Alghawzi pers. comm. 2014). Juveniles are known from estuarine environments and are susceptible to the suite of anthropogenic activities occurring in these nearshore environments (Sheppard et al. 2010).

Threat classification from the IUCN Red List.