FrogfishesAntennariidae

Frogfishes (Antennariidae) have stocky, globular bodies, often covered in warty protuberances, filaments, or skin flaps. These variable skin textures and cryptic coloration allow them to mimic surrounding sponges, corals, or rocks. A modified first dorsal fin spine, known as the illicium, bears a fleshy lure or 'esca' at its tip, used to attract prey; the family name Antennariidae refers to this antenna-like structure. Species range from 2.5 cm (1 in) to over 30 cm (1 ft) in length.

Frogfishes inhabit coral reefs, rocky slopes, and sandy or rubble areas from shallow depths to at least 40 m (130 ft). As ambush predators, they remain motionless, swaying the esca to attract small fish and crustaceans. When prey approaches, they rapidly expand their large mouths, creating powerful suction to engulf victims, sometimes almost their own size. Rather than swimming, frogfishes typically move by "walking" on their modified, limb-like pectoral fins across the substrate. Their exceptional camouflage makes them challenging to spot.