Whiptail stingrayDasyatidae

Whiptail stingrays (Dasyatidae) are characterized by flattened, typically oval to diamond-shaped pectoral fin discs and long, whip-like tails that lack dorsal and caudal fins. Their eyes are positioned dorsally, while the mouth and gill slits are ventral. Most species carry one or more serrated, venomous stingers near the tail base for defense. Disc widths within the family range from 20 cm (8 in) to over 2 metres (6.6 ft). The name Dasyatidae derives from the Greek for 'rough ray', referencing the often denticle-covered skin of many members.

These bottom-dwelling rays inhabit sandy and silty substrates, reef flats, and lagoon areas, often resting partially buried with only their eyes visible. They are found from shallow intertidal zones down reef slopes to depths exceeding 100 metres (330 feet). They feed on crustaceans, molluscs, and small benthic fish, located by scent and electroreception while foraging on the seafloor. Divers commonly encounter them slowly swimming low over the bottom, propelled by undulating pectoral fins, or settled on open sand.