StonefishesSynanceiinae

Stonefishes (Synanceiinae) are a group of robust, venomous marine fishes. They have heavily camouflaged bodies, broad and flattened heads, and large upward-pointing eyes. Their scaleless, warty skin is often covered in bumps and detritus, allowing them to mimic rocks or coral rubble, which gives them their common name. Individuals typically display drab, mottled colouration, blending seamlessly with their surroundings. They can reach up to 40 cm (16 inches) in length. Dorsal fin spines contain glands that secrete a potent neurotoxic venom.

These fishes are benthic, lacking a swim bladder and spending their lives motionless on the seabed. They are often found partly buried in sand or hidden among rocks and reef flats, in depths ranging from the intertidal zone down to 30 metres (100 feet). Stonefishes are ambush predators, feeding on small fish and crustaceans that pass within striking distance. Their venom is considered one of the most lethal fish venoms, capable of causing serious harm or death to humans. Due to their exceptional camouflage, encountering them is difficult.