Pseudoceros rubronanus
Polyclad Flatworm
Marine Flatworm
Poisonous© Rafi Amar
Invertebrate · Worms · Flatworms

Red Dwarf Flatworm

Pseudoceros rubronanus Newman & Cannon, 1998
up to 2 cm2-25 mPoisonous
1

Pink through red, clustered with small white dots and edged in bright fuchsia, and no more than 2 cm (0.8 in) long. Size is what makes it rare rather than scarcity: an animal this small in rubble is found by people who are already looking at rubble, which is a smaller group than it should be.

Like its relatives it feeds on sessile prey, glides on cilia over a slick of its own mucus, and carries toxins in the skin that make the color worth advertising. What it does not have is a way to fight, run or hide, so the entire defense is the honesty of that signal.

The name is straightforwardly descriptive - red, and a dwarf even among flatworms - and dates from 1998. Much of this genus was described in the 1990s by Newman and Cannon working through the Indo-Pacific, which is why so many local species carry authorship younger than the divers photographing them.

How to recognise it
  • pink to red body with clusters of small white dots
  • bright fuchsia margin
  • tiny, about 2 cm
  • usually deep in rubble rather than out in the open

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Last Update: August 11, 2026